Bill Schaff
Professor Leake
Writ 1120
January 26, 2013
Reading
and Writing
Literacy has
been evolving ever since it started in the stone ages and will never stop
evolving as long as we keep reading and writing. While we may not see cave
paintings as literacy, it was their way to pass information on to the next
generation and our reading and writing all progressed from this idea. Reading
and writing has to evolve though, with every new innovation form the invention
of paper to the ability to surf the web will progress reading and writing a
step further. Whether people argue this progression in literacy is positive or
negative there is no debating that it will continue to happen as newer and
newer technology immerges into our society. This change is not only necessary
but also vital to staying up-to-date with how fast societies are progressing.
Literacy
from generation to generation has to progress. With new mediums and
technologies being invented daily, we are capable to accomplish so much more
than ever thought possible. In Nicholas Carr’s “Is Google Making us Stupid”, he
notes, “we may well be reading more today than we did in the 1970s or 1980s,
when television was our medium of choice” (2). Even though texting and emailing
are not the most formal written texts, it still allows individuals to read and
write much more than they ever thought possible. Without new mediums such as
computers and the Internet we could still be hand writing letters and papers
for personal and scholarly work. Writing back when there was only pen and paper
was in an all-formal style. Individuals did not write in an informal tone
because their message was not instantly delivered. If someone made a
grammatical or spelling error in their hand written letter they could not just instantly
fix it like people can today, their letter could take days to arrive to their
intended individual. Only recently have writings taken on an informal tone,
which is due to the new mediums that we communicate through. If someone sends a
text message and it contains a spelling error, that person can instantly send
another text to correct what he/she spelled wrong. This can all be done before
the intended receiver ever reads the message. It is technology that is allowing
individuals of this generation to write in such an informal tone because things
such as Microsoft Word that will instantly check what they have written.
Some
individuals may still argue that technology has made our reading and writing
skill levels drop. Chris Hedges Argues, “News, political debate, theater, art and books are judged
not on the power of their ideas but on their ability to entertain” (2). He goes
on to explain that because of technology, people will only look at pictures if
possible and not read in depth about it. Hedges implies that we are slowly
loosing the ability to read and write because of technological improvements. Hedges
could not be more wrong. Technology is improving the way individuals read and
write but in a different way than it has before. Individuals will distinguish
their style of writing depending on whom they are writing for. Andrea A. Lunsford, an English professor
at Stanford and previous Director of Reading and Rhetoric, notes that, “young
people are for the most part aware of the context and audience for their
writing—and they make the adjustments necessary to address them effectively”
(Lunsford, 2). So yes, individuals of this generation write with terms such as
“How r u?” and “Going 2 store 4 food, get u something?” But that is mostly to
friends in an informal writing style, whereas if they were going to write a
paper for school or a personal letter they can switch off the informal way of
writing and write in an academic style. Also, Lunsford suggests a very accurate
argument in her article. She explains that if the writing ability of this
generation is actually diminishing, we should really ask ourselves if the
children are loosing the ability to read and write or it the education system
and teachers are not effectively teaching the children (Lunsford, 3). If the
people think that this generation is only semi-literate, why is all the blame
being placed on this generation? If the way we read and write is changing then
the teaching style should be changed as well. Just because the last generation
learned best from lectures does not mean that this one will. This generation
learns best from a hands-on style (Billings, 104). Teachers need to look at how
they can most effectively teach the children of this generation.
Technology has had a
very significant impact on how people write. Just in the sense that the Internet
has provided individuals with unlimited resources all at their fingertips. This
is a major improvement to how individuals write but it has changed the way
people look through sources. The term “Pancake People” (Carr, 7), which refers
to how people of this generation are very wide spread in topics but really do
not go into depth into any of them. Pancake People is an extremely accurate
term for the people of this generation. To be able to reference nearly any
academic writing in the world just by a simple “Google search” has forever
change our research. There is no point to spend countless hours in libraries
searching through books when one can just “Google it”. Not only has this made
writings better but it allows for much more detailed and accurate writings.
Also, it’s not only this generation who is experiencing this great change in
writing. When the typewriter was invented, it created an entirely new way of
writing for individuals. Back in 1882, a man named Friedrich Nietzsche
was going blind and could no longer write. Writing was a passion of his that he
could no longer do. He purchased a typewriter and this gave him the ability to
once again write (Carr, 3). Technology can not only improve the way we wright
but it can also, as in Nietzsche’s case, give the power of writing back to
people. These new mediums allow us to write in a way that will push ourselves
further and further. For all we know, if we had not made these refinements in
our reading and writing mediums we could still very possibly be drawling
pictures on cave walls.
These new ways
to read and write are turning people into a different kind of literate
generation but it is still a literate generation. Society as a whole would not
be able to progress as fast as it has without these new mediums for reading and
writing. Information would not be as easily available for individuals to
reference and use. For this generation to be able to instantly send a text
message to a friend or respond to an email directly from their phone allows
individuals it be much more productive in their writing. But, progression is not
the only benefit of literacy; it has many other major benefits. For example, by
having a literate community, people can accurately judge situations and can
engage in effective action for a just society (Scribner, 12). Literacy in
communities can help people make decisions as a whole.
Defining
literacy is a very hard thing to do, especially with all of the changes that
are being made to it in this generation. There is not just one way that we can
define literacy that will sum-up each generation’s styles of reading and
writing. Scholars have tried to make an “umbrella definition”, a definition
that would define what literacy is as a whole but there are always
contradicting statements in it (Scribner, 1). Now Urban Dictionary does not
have the most reliable definitions for words but their definition of literacy
is very accurate. Urban Dictionary defines literacy as, “Having the ability and comprehension level enabling one to
efficiently communicate with others within a specific profession. However,
a common misconception of this word defines it as having the ability to read
with comprehension.” This is spot on. Writing and drawling all started as a way
to communicate information from group or generation to the next, its not how
well people can read or write but how communities can communicate with each
other. This idea needs to be taken into consideration when determining how well
people can read and write. If individuals are communicating with one another and
understand what he/she is trying to say than they are literate. Chris Hedges
notes, “In our
post-literate world, because ideas are inaccessible, there is a need for
constant stimulus.” Why do you think that this generation, my generation, is
not literate. Just because we do not read the way you do or text in with proper
grammar, does not make this generation illiterate. It make them different, it
makes them unique. Our literacy is based on a different way of reading and
writing but studies show that this generation is writing more than the previous
and the writings are three times as long (Lunsford, 2). If this generation
communicates and understands each other with the slang that is being created
than they are still a literate generation.
The future
holds significant changes for the way we read and write. If you look at where individuals
have come from in terms of writing, a very formal and hand written style to
texting with extremely improper grammar, one has to wonder where it can advance
to. What will be the next great thing in writing? What will the next generations
literacy skills be like? The generation before this one had trouble with
spelling words, this generation has trouble with using the “wrong word” because
of spell check (Lunsford, 3). Will the next generation have good spelling and
use the “right word” but not be able to hand write anything? Then we look at
reading, the generation before this one would read entire books and articles in
depth, this generation mainly skims articles and books online to find what they
are looking for (Carr, 2). Will the next generation even be reading books or
will computers be reading books to them. No matter what the future holds for
reading and writing it will always be there, it’s just the way that individuals
read and write will change and we must embrace this change or society will not
progress.
Works
Cited
Urban Dictionary. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2013. <http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=literacy>.
Carr, Nicholas. Is Google Making us
Stupid. N.p.: n.p., 2008. 1-8. Print.
Lunsford, Andrea
A. Our Semi-literate Youth? Not So Fast. N.p.: n.p., n.d. 1-3.
Print.
Hedges, Chris. America the Illiterate.
N.p.: n.p., 2008. 1-3. Print.
Scribner, Sylvia.
"Literacy in Three Metaphors." 93.1984: 6-21. Print.
Billings, D. (2004,
May/Jun). Teaching learners from varied generations. The Journal of
Continuing Education in Nursing, 35(3), 104-105. Retrieved October,
1, 2007 from ProQuest Education Journals
